https://unilibrary.zetech.ac.ke:8443/xmlui/handle/zetech/15 2026-08-13T10:53:00Z 2026-08-13T10:53:00Z Samuel, Macharia Karimi https://unilibrary.zetech.ac.ke:8443/xmlui/handle/zet/358 2026-07-17T09:57:59Z 2022-04-28T00:00:00Z

Unsteady MHD Flow of a Fluid past a Rotating Semi-infinite Plate with Inclined Magnetic Field Samuel, Macharia Karimi This paper investigates unsteady two-dimensional MHD flow past a rotating semi-infinite plate with an inclined magnetic field with viscous dissipation, Ohmic and Joule heating. The fluid is assumed to be electrically conducting. The governing non-linear partial differential equations for mass, momentum, energy, concentration and magnetic field are transformed into a couple system by using appropriate dimensionless parameters and quantities. The coupled systems are then coded in MATLAB and solved simultaneously using the Gauss Seidel iteration technique. Various flow parameters and quantities are varied and their effects on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are investigated and discussed. It is observed that the transient velocity profiles increase with the increment of the Prandtl number, Grashof number, Hall parameter and Eckert number, while they decrease with the increase of the angle of inclination of the magnetic field and Hartman number. The temperature profiles rise with increasing the Grashof number, Hall parameter, Eckert number and Joule heating parameter while they decrease with increasing the Prandtl number, angle of inclination of magnetic field and Hartman number. The concentration profiles decline with increasing the Schmidt number and, the magnetic induction profiles decrease with increasing the magnetic Reynolds number and angle of inclination. The concept behind MHD is that the magnetic field induces current in a moving conductive fluid, which in turn generates a force on the fluid. This research is of great interest in applications such as MHD boats, pumps and magnetic material processing.

2022-04-28T00:00:00Z Ongoma, David Shiala https://unilibrary.zetech.ac.ke:8443/xmlui/handle/zet/346 2026-07-14T17:31:53Z 2026-06-08T00:00:00Z

Quantum Key Distribution-Enabled Federated Learning over Blockchain for Privacy-Preserving AI in Large-Scale IoT Networks Ongoma, David Shiala The proliferation of massive IoT networks has created an environment where distributed AI can be achieved. At the same time, it introduces serious privacy and security challenges. Federated learning (FL) allows training local models on IoT devices and aggregating them without sharing data, but still suffers from problems such as gradient inference attack, Byzantine model poisoning attack and the failure in single point of failure centralized aggregation point. In this paper, we propose QFL-BC, a framework combining Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and a permissioned blockchain to holistically tackle the problem. Using the BB84 protocol with decoy states, QKD generates a One-Time Pad key to encrypt the model update and achieve information-theoretic security with provable security against a quantum attacker. The central aggregator is replaced by the permissioned blockchain with a smart contract, which ensures an immutable audit trail and distributes the orchestration of FL training decent rally, as well as imposes a penalty on malicious participants by automatic reputation score maintenance. The experiments with MNIST and CIFAR-10 on 100 IoT clients under Non-IID conditions show QFL-BC obtains an accuracy of 96.8% against 41.5% for classic FL under 10% poisoning attack (133% relative improvement). We have tested its robustness across adversary percentages of 10%-40% with accuracy above 87.3% and measured scalability up to 500 clients, showing good degradation, communications overhead of 5.84 MB per round, which is only 12.3% higher than the classic FL and analysed latency and energy to evaluate its feasibility on resource-constrained IoT devices.

2026-06-08T00:00:00Z Kibor, Joy https://unilibrary.zetech.ac.ke:8443/xmlui/handle/zet/339 2026-07-14T17:18:39Z 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z

Harnessing Emerging Technologies to Construct an Afrocentric Cybersecurity Threat Model Kibor, Joy Purpose: This study examines the rising cybersecurity threats in Africa, where digital transformation particularly mobile money platforms has exposed vulnerabilities such as SIM-swap fraud, USSD attacks, and identity-driven intrusions. Reported losses, including approximately Kshs. 11 billion in Kenya in 2023 and USD 500 million in Nigeria in 2022, underscore the need for contextually relevant cybersecurity strategies. The study proposes an Afrocentric approach integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, and Cloud Computing to enhance threat detection, intelligence sharing, and adaptive defense mechanisms. Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA principles was conducted, examining peer-reviewed studies, industry reports, and policy documents from 2020 to 2025 across IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The review focused on African cybersecurity challenges, applications of emerging technologies, and culturally relevant digital governance frameworks. Thematic synthesis identified gaps and informed the development of a conceptual Afrocentric cybersecurity model. Findings: Current Western-centric frameworks inadequately address Africa’s mobile-first digital ecosystem. The proposed Afrocentric model integrates AI-driven analysis of mobile transactions, Big Data analytics for real time threat intelligence, and cloud infrastructure designed for localized data governance. The framework embeds collective intelligence sharing inspired by Ubuntu philosophy and emphasizes Managed Shared Responsibility to overcome technical literacy gaps in SMEs. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: African governments, industry, and policymakers should adopt Afrocentric cybersecurity strategies prioritizing mobile ecosystems, develop local AI and Big Data capacity, and establish secure cloud infrastructures. Future research should empirically test the model to strengthen digital resilience across African economies.

2026-06-01T00:00:00Z Muindi, Benjamin https://unilibrary.zetech.ac.ke:8443/xmlui/handle/zet/337 2026-06-24T13:27:04Z 2025-05-07T00:00:00Z

A Theoretical Treatise and Proposal for An Integrated Approach to Leadership and Management Muindi, Benjamin Leaders and managers provide direction and influence individuals and groups to achieve goals. They articulate the vision and communicate it to the people by giving information and knowledge on how to achieve these goals. They think strategically and provide solutions as well as create a platform where the solutions come from. While some scholars argue that everything rises and falls with leadership, other scholars have challenged views on leadership and dislodged its centrality, arguing that leaders account only for a small portion of a group's success or failure. Such diverse perspectives lay the ground for objective and holistic scholarship on leadership and call for a candid examination of the leadership experience in its totality. As such, theoretical questions such as what makes leadership necessary and also what human conditions make leadership both necessary and possible cannot go unanswered. If then leadership and management are necessary in the society, what approach or approaches would be deemed ideal? This paper has proposed an integrated approach to leadership and management that seeks to merge diverse approaches including trait, skills, style, situational and transformational approaches as well as ethical perspectives to leadership and management. It is guided by the general theory of leadership that aims at finding coherence in leadership scholarship. While taking the integrated approach, this paper is aware of the dilemma of finding a single philosophical view to leadership. An integrated approach to leadership and management as proposed in this paper is aimed at building a new body of knowledge that will seek to arrest the shortcomings of already existing models of leadership and management. It also seeks to improve scholarship of both leadership and management of people in as far as influencing and working with them to accomplish goals is concerned. It further aims at improving theoretical perspectives to leadership by contributing insights into the application of the General Theory of Leadership. This paper is important because it forms fodder for exploring another approach to leadership that scholars and (leadership) practitioners may find relevant.

2025-05-07T00:00:00Z