Numerical Study of Multiphase Hybrid Gyro-tactic Nanofluid Flow through Porous Convergent Pipe with Injection and Suction

Abstract

Due to the continued exploitation of oil fields, oil is getting difficult to extract from its source due to the inefficiency in the available methods that are currently being used to extract it. This study is aimed at solving the issue through enabling the oil that remains unexploited by the existing methods to be exploited. The novelty of this study is the consideration of microorganisms, hybrid nanoparticles, nonNewtonian fluids, a power law model and inclined magnetic fields. The flow is governed by nonlinear partial differential equations. That are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically via the spectral relaxation method using Chebyshev–GaussLobatto grid points, then implemented in Matlab to obtain the profiles for the various flow variables: velocity, temperature, concentration and microorganism density profiles. The results indicate that the flow parameters significantly influence the flow behavior. The velocity of the fluid increases with Reynolds number, Hartman number, Grashof number and Darcy’s parameter. The temperature of the fluid increases with Reynolds number, Hartman number, Eckert number, Unsteadiness parameter, Grashof number, Darcy’s parameter, Joule heating parameter and decreases with chemical reaction and Radiaton parameters. Nanoparticle concentration increases with Reynolds number, Hartman number, Microbial Grashof number, Joule heating parameter, Prandtl number and Schmidt number, while it decreases with chemical reaction parameter and thermophoresis. Microbial density increases with Reynolds number and Hartmann number and decreases with Lewis and Peclet number. These insights offer valuable guidance to improve oil recovery by indicating clearly the parameters that are essential in facilitating greater oil recovery.